THE IMPACT OF THE DESIGN FEATURES OF VEHICLE BRAKING SYSTEMS ON TRAFFIC SAFETY WHEN PERFORMING LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORTATION

Abstract

General information. The article examines the influence of structural characteristics of vehicle braking systems on road safety during long-distance (mainline) transportation. Problem. The growing intensity of freight transportation, increased vehicle mass, and high-speed operating conditions significantly raise safety requirements for braking systems. Under such conditions, braking components operate under elevated thermal and dynamic loads, and even minor structural deficiencies may lead to extended stopping distances, reduced directional stability, and increased accident risk. Goal. The purpose of the study is to establish and scientifically substantiate the cause-and-effect relationship between structural parameters of braking systems and road safety indicators under mainline transportation conditions. Methodology. The research is based on analytical review of contemporary scientific publications, comparative assessment of disc and drum brake mechanisms, systematization of structural parameters (type of mechanism, friction materials, force distribution scheme, drive type, integration with ABS/EBS/ESC systems), and conceptual modeling of their impact on braking dynamics and vehicle stability. Results. It has been determined that braking mechanism type, thermal dissipation efficiency, stability of the friction coefficient, response time of the drive, and electronic control integration directly affect maximum deceleration, stopping distance, heat resistance, and directional stability. Disc brakes demonstrate superior thermal stability and resistance to fading under prolonged loads typical for heavy vehicles. Variations in friction characteristics may significantly alter braking torque distribution and compromise vehicle controllability. Originality. A systemic framework is proposed that integrates structural, thermal, and dynamic factors into a unified safety-oriented assessment model for braking systems in mainline transport conditions. Practical value. The findings can be applied in the design, selection, diagnostics, and operational control of braking systems for heavy-duty vehicles to enhance active safety and reduce accident probability.