PRINCIPLES OF "GREEN CHEMISTRY" AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS FROM RECYCLED RAW MATERIALS

Abstract

The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities of integrating the principles of "green chemistry" into the production and processing of textile materials in the context of the transformation of the textile industry to sustainable development models and a circular economy. The main environmental challenges of the industry are identified, in particular, the high resource intensity of technological processes, significant water consumption, the use of toxic reagents, the formation of hazardous emissions and the accumulation of textile waste within the linear production model. The need to transition to closed production cycles with the involvement of secondary raw materials as a strategic direction for reducing anthropogenic environmental burden is substantiated. Modern approaches to mechanical, chemical and enzymatic processing of textile materials are summarized, their environmental, technological and energy features are characterized. It is shown that mechanical processing is the most energy-efficient, but is accompanied by a deterioration in the physical and mechanical properties of fibers. Chemical methods provide high-quality regenerated materials, but require optimization in terms of energy consumption and reagent safety. Enzyme and biocatalytic technologies are characterized by high selectivity, low-temperature process conditions and minimal formation of by-products.

It has been proven that the use of biodegradable surfactants, natural organic acids, catalysts, enzymes and real-time monitoring systems contributes to the reduction of energy consumption, water consumption, wastewater toxicity and greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the results of life cycle assessment, the environmental and resource feasibility of using secondary raw materials in the production of mass-consumption textile products has been confirmed. The prospects of implementing hybrid processing technological schemes and scaling up biotechnological solutions as strategic directions for sustainable development of the textile industry have been determined.