EFFICIENCY OF THE HYBRID ALGORITHM FOR TWO-AXIS POSITIONING OF SOLAR PANELS

Abstract

The article examines the prospects for increasing the efficiency of electricity generation by solar power plants by improving active Sun tracking systems. Existing methods of positioning solar panels (sensor, astronomical, hybrid and based on computer vision) are analyzed, their advantages and critical shortcomings in conditions of variable cloudiness are identified.

A hybrid algorithm structure is proposed that combines mathematical calculation as a basic circuit and sensor micro-adjustment using optical sensors with the use of a dead zone to compensate for mechanical backlash. Software implementation of the cloudiness threshold allows the system to automatically switch to the calculated guidance mode, eliminating the problem of false alarms and tracker wandering. The kinematic scheme of the installation has been improved using a worm azimuth drive to ensure the self-braking effect. A comparative assessment of technical and economic indicators for solar power plants with a capacity of 5 kW is performed. Calculations confirmed that the implementation of the proposed hybrid system provides a 35% increase in generation with rational additional capital investments, which allows for a payback period of about 2.8 years.

The proposed comprehensive solution is especially relevant for private households and small businesses that seek to maximize their own energy autonomy. The integration of microcontroller calculation with budget optical modules forms the optimal balance between high guidance accuracy and mechanical reliability without duplication of capital costs. Practical recommendations are offered for the selection of hardware for two-axis trackers. The results of the study can serve as an engineering basis for the design and serial production of domestic commercial trackers of the middle price segment.