QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF TECHNICAL HEMP VARIETIES SOFIA AND LIRYNA

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of industrial hemp varieties Sofiya and Liryna to determine their quality, structural, and technological characteristics for textile applications. Given the growing demand for sustainable and high-performance plant-based raw materials, the research focuses on assessing the suitability of these varieties for yarn manufacturing and further textile processing. The investigation included measurements of stem length, determination of fiber yield from retted stalks, evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of scutched fibers (breaking load and linear density), and analysis of cellulose content.

To ensure accuracy, fiber yield was calculated using both mechanically disturbed stems and intact stem fragments, allowing for a more precise estimation of biological productivity. The results demonstrated that the average stem length (82.5 cm) provides favorable conditions for obtaining long scutched fiber suitable for medium and coarse yarn production (Nm 2.8–3.5). Mechanical testing showed that both varieties meet нормативні strength requirements; however, Liryna exhibited slightly higher average breaking load, while Sofiya demonstrated lower linear density and higher cellulose content, indicating better fiber refinement and chemical purity.

Light microscopy was applied to examine fiber morphology and determine the number and arrangement of elementary fibers within technical bundles. Microscopic analysis revealed that the Sofiya variety contains a greater number of elementary fibers per bundle, more uniform natural splitting, and thinner fiber walls compared to Liryna. These characteristics enhance fiber flexibility, improve processing behavior during carding and spinning, and contribute to more even yarn formation.

Overall, the findings confirm the technological potential of both hemp varieties for textile production, with Sofiya showing particular promise for manufacturing higher-quality yarns, while Liryna remains suitable for technical and specialized textile applications. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating morphological, mechanical, and chemical assessments to optimize fiber extraction processes and improve production efficiency in the textile industry.