MODEL OF DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN MULTILAYER WIRELESS NETWORKS

Abstract

The article develops a consistent mathematical model of dynamic radio resource allocation in a multilayer wireless network, including a sensor layer, a MESH structure, and a backbone segment. The relevance of the study is due to the increase in traffic intensity, uneven load, and the need to ensure stable quality of service (QoS) indicators in systems with a multi-layer architecture. The proposed approach is based on the formalization of the process of redistributing a shared resource between network layers by minimizing a loss functional that takes into account load factors and segment priority.

An analytical expression for optimal resource allocation is obtained, according to which the share of bandwidth of each layer is determined by the cubic dependence on traffic intensity and importance weighting factors. Such a model provides real-time adaptability and allows for consistent management of bandwidth, delays, and energy consumption of nodes. To assess the effectiveness of optimization, the indicators of average delay, queue length, packet loss ratio, and energy costs were used.

Experimental verification was performed in the OMNeT++ environment using the INET framework for a three-level topology with 64 sensor nodes, 16 MESH nodes and a backbone gateway. The simulation results confirmed a reduction in the average packet delay by 11–12%, a reduction in queue length by up to 21% in peak modes, and a reduction in the loss factor from 3,1% to 1,9%. Additionally, a reduction in the energy consumption of sensor nodes by 6,4% was recorded, which is critically important for autonomous monitoring systems.

The obtained results demonstrate the consistency of analytical calculations and simulation data and confirm the feasibility of using the proposed model as a basis for building adaptive resource management algorithms in multilayer wireless networks with uneven traffic and increased requirements for operational stability.