MECHANISM AND METHODOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMER SYSTEM BASED ON AMINOFORMALDEHYDE RESINS FOR FIRE PROTECTION OF WOOD

Abstract

The article examines the mechanisms of combustion development in wood-based materials and the methods of effectively inhibiting this process, which are critically important for enhancing the fire safety and environmental security of building structures. The study analyzes the physico-chemical processes that occur during the interaction of wood with fire, including the thermal decomposition of cellulose, the formation of free radicals, and combustion products. Particular attention is given to factors influencing the rate and intensity of burning, such as moisture content, porosity, and wood density.

The paper also reviews the main approaches to improving the efficiency of fire retardants for wood materials and slowing down combustion at different stages. Formulations aimed at ensuring maximum resistance of wood to ignition without compromising its mechanical properties are considered. The effectiveness and mechanisms of action of commonly used fire retardants are analyzed from the perspective of both fire safety and environmental protection. Based on the analysis of literature data and experimental studies, practical recommendations are formulated regarding the selection of compositions and treatment technologies to achieve high fire-protection efficiency.

The proposed experimental composition combines the functions of a thermosetting impregnating polymer, a fire-retardant additive, and a biopolymer modifier, making it a promising basis for the development of effective fire-protective coatings and impregnations for wood.

The study presents the mechanism and methodology for designing an environmentally safe polymer system based on amino-formaldehyde resins modified with orthophosphoric acid and starch. During polycondensation, a spatially cross-linked phosphorus–nitrogen-containing matrix is formed, which, under thermal exposure, generates a thermally stable char layer that insulates the wood from flame and high temperatures. The combination of acid catalysis, biopolymer modification, and nitrogen-containing fire retardants ensures the potential of this composition for creating effective and environmentally safe fire-protective impregnations and coatings for wood.