SYSTEM FOR TRACKING THE MAXIMUM POWER POINT OF A SOLAR CELL FOR STORAGE BATTERIES

Abstract

The paper considers the basic principles of using photovoltaic systems and key components that affect their efficiency. Most modern systems built on the basis of solar cells consist of an auxiliary device, namely a controller or a system for tracking the maximum power point of the solar cell (MPP). This is due to the nonlinear nature of the volt-ampere characteristic of solar cells and ensuring the coordination of the optimal output resistance of the solar cell and the input resistance of the consumer. It has been established that systems, the documentation of which is in the public domain, are created on iterative algorithms for searching for MPP parameters. Such algorithms have, among their main disadvantages, the need for current measurement of physical quantities and maintaining voltage or current to maintain the optimal operating mode of the solar cell. Based on the research conducted, a system for tracking the maximum power point (MPP) of the solar cell was proposed, focused on charging batteries. It includes an additional functional component that provides a constant current mode at the initial stage, which allows for a balanced and efficient charging process. It is the implementation of the DC mode that ensures a safe and efficient process of charging batteries, taking into account their specific operational characteristics. Also, the mechanism for determining the point of setting the maximum power of the solar cell provides for the implementation of an analytical algorithm that ensures the establishment of the operating mode immediately in the vicinity of this point. Comparison of calculations using the analytical formula and expected data based on the parameters of the deviation model within one distance between them. Research on the practical value of achieving improvement of the MPPT of the solar cell for batteries, taking into account their operational recommendations. The use of analytical approaches ensures the establishment of the operating mode in the TMP environment in the minimum time, which ensures the effectiveness of their use for changed external conditions.