MODELING OF ULTRASONIC PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS FOR SIGNAL PATHS OF SENSOR DEVICES

Abstract

This paper presents the results of research on modeling ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers used in the signal paths of sensor devices. The study focuses on the development and verification of mathematical models that accurately reproduce the electromechanical resonance processes occurring in piezoelectric structures during operation. Two principal modeling approaches are considered. The first is a parameter-based method, which utilizes the manufacturer’s technical specifications to define the electrical and mechanical properties of the transducer. The second approach is based on constructing an equivalent circuit model, where the piezoelectric transducer is represented by a combination of active and reactive components that simulate its resonance behavior.

The study examines the influence of equivalent circuit parameters-resistance, inductance, and capacitance, including parasitic capacitance-on the resonant frequency, quality factor, phase stability, and bandwidth of the sensor system. Frequency-domain and time-domain analyses are conducted to assess the dynamic response and energy efficiency of the transducer under varying operating conditions. The obtained results demonstrate a strong correlation between the developed models and the experimentally observed characteristics of ultrasonic piezoelectric elements, confirming their suitability for both analytical and applied investigations.

The proposed modeling approach allows for the evaluation of degradation effects, temperature drift, and noise influence on the long-term stability of signal conversion. The developed models can be applied in the design and optimization of analog front-end circuits for ultrasonic sensor systems, as well as in the development of self-diagnostic algorithms for adaptive signal conditioning and overall reliability improvement.