Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences
ISSN 2307-5732 ISSN (online) Публікується з липня 1997 року Видавництво: Хмельницький національний університет (Україна) Періодичність: 6 разів на рік Галузь знань та спеціальності: E Природничі науки, математика та статистика E2 Екологія (101 - Екологія (28.12.2019)) F Інформаційні технології F2 Інженерія програмного забезпечення (121 - Інженерія програмного забезпечення (28.12.2019)) F3 Комп’ютерні науки (122 - Комп’ютерні науки (28.12.2019)) F4 Системний аналіз та наука про дані (124 - Системний аналіз (28.12.2019)) F5 Кібербезпека та захист інформації (125 - Кібербезпека та захист інформації (28.12.2019)) F7 Комп’ютерна інженерія (123 - Комп’ютерна інженерія (28.12.2019)) G Інженерія, виробництво та будівництво G1 Хімічні технології та інженерія (161 - Хімічні технології та інженерія (28.12.2019)) G3 Електрична інженерія (141 - Електроенергетика, електротехніка та електромеханіка (28.12.2019)) G5 Електроніка, електронні комунікації, приладобудування та радіотехніка (172 - Електронні комунікації та радіотехніка (28.12.2019)) G7 Автоматизація, комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології та робототехніка (151 - Автоматизація та комп’ютерно-інтегровані технології (28.12.2019)) G8 Матеріалознавство (132 - Матеріалознавство (17.03.2020)) G9 Прикладна механіка (131 - Прикладна механіка (17.03.2020)) G11 Машинобудування (за спеціалізаціями) (133 - Галузеве машинобудування (17.03.2020)) G13 Харчові технології (181 - Харчові технології (28.12.2019)) G15 Технології легкої промисловості (182 - Технології легкої промисловості (28.12.2019)) Мови рукопису: змішаними мовами: українська, англійська Редактори: Микола СКИБА (м.Хмельницький, Україна) Реєстрація суб’єкта у сфері друкованих медіа : Рішення Національної ради України з питань телебачення і радіомовлення №1373 від 25.04.2024. Ідентифікатор медіа: R30-03993 Реєстрація: Затверджено як наукове фахове видання України, у якому можуть публікуватися результати дисертаційних робіт на здобуття наукових ступенів доктора наук, кандидата наук та ступеня доктора філософії, категорії «Б» (наказ МОН №1643 від 28.12.2019 та наказ МОН №409 від 17.03.2020). Умови ліцензії: автори зберігають авторські права та надають журналу право першої публікації разом з твором, який одночасно ліцензується за ліцензією Creative Commons Attribution International CC-BY, що дозволяє іншим ділитися роботою з підтвердженням авторства роботи та первинної публікації в цьому журналі. Заява про відкритий доступ: журнал "Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences" забезпечує негайний відкритий доступ до свого змісту за принципом, що надання вільного доступу до досліджень для громадськості підтримує більший глобальний обмін знаннями. Повнотекстовий доступ до наукових статей журналу представлений на офіційному веб-сайті в розділі Архіви. Адреса: Науковий журнал "Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences", Хмельницький національний університет, вул. Інститутська, 11, м. Хмельницький, 29016, Україна. Тел. відповідального секретаря: +380984772799 Електронна адреса: heraldts@khmnu.edu.ua Веб-сайт: https://heraldts.khmnu.edu.ua
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A ROLLER PAIR FOR APPLICATION OF POLYMER COATING
The article considers the process of applying a polymer coating to a textile material by a pair of rollers, which is characterized by the presence of a thin layer of viscous liquid, which, under the action of the relative motion of the rollers and the deformation of the textile base, forms a pressure distribution that directly determines the thickness and uniformity of the coating. The mathematical description of such a process is complicated by the interconnected influence of the geometry of the rollers, the rheological properties of the polymer, the permeability and deformability of the textile, as well as possible cavitation phenomena in the zone of the divergence of the rollers. The purpose of numerical modeling is to determine the pressure distribution and the gap profile between the rollers, taking into account the specified factors, as well as to establish the regularities of the influence of structural and technological parameters on the efficiency of the coating process. A generalized mathematical model of the polymer coating process has been developed, based on the Reynolds equation, taking into account the deformation of the textile material and its permeability. The proposed model allows for an adequate description of the hydrodynamic processes in a thin layer of polymer between the rollers. The transition to the dimensionless form of the equations was made, as a result of which it was established that the behavior of the system is determined by three main dimensionless parameters: the geometric parameter of the curvature of the roll, the parameter of the deformability of the textile and the parameter of the permeability of the material. The obtained numerical results are consistent with classical analytical models of calendering in the corresponding limiting cases, which confirms the correctness and reliability of the proposed methodology.
Copyright (c) 2025 АНДРІЙ МАЗУР, НАДІЯ ГРИПИНСЬКА (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DECISION-MAKING METHOD FOR MULTIMEDIA VOLUME CONTROL IN THE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM “SMART HOME”
The main goal of the research was to develop and implement a decision-making method for fully automatic sound volume control in the Smart Home system. The need for such a subsystem is justified by the critical importance of ensuring an optimal microclimate and compliance with sanitary noise standards for the health, comfort and safety of residents. The developed method successfully solves this problem, ensuring that the multimedia volume level does not exceed the maximum levels established by law depending on the specific type of room and time of day. This is achieved by continuous (minute-by-minute) monitoring of the noise level using sensors and automatic comparison of the obtained data with predefined scenarios. The key advantage of the method is its full automaticity and flexibility of response. The system is able to accurately recognize three noise level states (optimal, high and unacceptably high), which makes it possible to apply appropriate measures - no action within the comfort range, warning the user when approaching the critical limit and forced automatic reduction of the volume to the maximum permissible level when the standards are violated. Such a differentiated response provides effective control aimed at preventing damage from excessive noise, while increasing the overall comfort of living. The experimental results confirmed the operability and adequacy of the developed method, demonstrating its ability to successfully respond to changes in noise levels in accordance with sanitary standards. At the same time, it was determined that the effectiveness of the method directly depends on the correctness of the initial settings (time and type of room) and the accuracy/sensitivity of the noise sensors used. In general, the study achieved its goal by implementing the necessary mechanism for automatic sound volume control, which is a significant step towards increasing the autonomy of cyber-physical systems "Smart Home".
Copyright (c) 2025 СЕРГІЙ АЛЕКСОВ, МАКСИМ КОРОБЧИНСЬКИЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The article justifies the choice of hardware and communication components for a cyber-physical soil monitoring system. For the lower level, a set of sensors was selected: Decagon 5TE for simultaneous measurement of humidity, temperature, and electrical conductivity; Bluelab Soil pH Pen for acidity; ECOFUEL Soil Nutrient Sensor for nutrients (N-P-K); and Eijkelkamp Soil Moisture Sensor for additional determination of soil density. For the middle level, the ESP32 microcontroller was selected due to its high computing power, energy efficiency, and low cost, which is optimal for autonomous operation. Wi-Fi was chosen as the communication standard, which provides high speed, flexibility, scalability, reliable data protection, and low latency, ideally meeting the needs of the system in real time. The architecture of a cyber-physical soil monitoring system has been developed, which is a comprehensive technology platform that combines physical sensors, software, network communications, and analytical algorithms to collect, process, and analyze real-time soil condition data, The system consists of three levels: lower (sensors that measure physicochemical parameters such as humidity, temperature, pH, nutrient composition, density, etc.), middle (controllers that collect and transmit data) and upper (analytical software for processing information, visualizing it and providing recommendations). The main goal of this system is to ensure accurate monitoring of soil characteristics in order to improve agricultural planning, efficient use of resources and increase the productivity of agricultural lands. Due to the ability to promptly detect changes in soil conditions, farmers can make informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertilization, crop rotation and other agrotechnical measures. In the context of climate change and growing requirements for food security, the implementation of such systems is critically important for the sustainable development of the agricultural sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 ТЕТЯНА ГОВОРУЩЕНКО, ЮРІЙ ВОЙЧУР, СЕРГІЙ ЛИСЕНКО, В’ЯЧЕСЛАВ БАЧУК, ІЛЛЯ ПАЙОНК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AUDIO-SIGNALS CLASSIFICATION METHODOLOGY USING CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS
The development of telecommunications, the Internet, social networks, and various mobile devices for recording audio and video information leads to an explosive growth in the number of multimedia data, in particular, audio files. An example of sound data is recordings of sounds of various origins, videos from surveillance cameras and video recorders, mobile phones, etc. That is why there is a need to automate the search, recognition, identification and classification of audio-visual information. This article describes the methodology for identifying and classifying car accidents based on their audio signals and the mathematical apparatus of convolutional neural networks. The main task of the developed methodology is to improve the accuracy of accident classification and improve the energy efficiency of the methods and algorithms used for this purpose in order to ensure their operation in real time on mobile and peripheral devices with limited computing power. The relevance of this task is driven by new car safety standards and the introduction by the countries of the European Union and the United States of requirements for equipping all new cars with automatic accident notification systems (Eng. Automatic Crash Notification, ACN). Since the response of emergency services (police, ambulance, etc.) to such reports is extremely expensive, the task of increasing the accuracy of methods of analyzing road events arises. Nowadays, most automakers use accelerometer sensors for this purpose. However, the use of acceleration data alone often leads to misclassifications: pits on the road are defined as an accident, while a rear impact can be classified as normal acceleration. As a result, the average accuracy of such techniques does not exceed 85%, which is acceptable, but obviously requires further improvement. In recent years, a significant number of modern studies have appeared that propose the use of convolutional neural networks for classifying audio signals of emergency events. The effectiveness of such approaches is significantly higher and is at the level of 85%-95%. The best results of 96% were achieved by authors [9], who used an ensemble of three convolutional neural networks. Nevertheless, this approach requires considerable energy and cannot be applied for real-time accident detection on peripheral devices with restricted processing power. This article describes the methodology of car crash classification based on the crash audio signals and the use of convolutional neural networks as a classifier, achieving higher accuracy of 98% and better energy-efficiency comparing with other existing methodologies
Copyright (c) 2025 ДМИТРО МОГИЛЕВИЧ, РОМАН ХМІЛЬ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF AUTOMATING OPTICAL REFLECTOMETER ANALYSIS IN TMN TECHNOLOGY
Fiber optic measurements are aimed at determining various line characteristics, such as attenuation, reflection, fiber uniformity, quality of welded and detachable joints, as well as localization of defects and damage. A number of specialized instruments are used to perform such measurements, among which the optical reflectometer plays a key role. The Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) serves as a fundamental diagnostic tool for fiber-optic communication lines (FOCLs) and is utilized at all stages of their lifecycle, from installation to long-term operation. This study presents the main types of optical reflectograms observed during FOCL deployment and maintenance, highlighting both idealized signal states and typical distortions that can occur during measurement procedures and result interpretation. The causes of FOCL degradation are multifactorial, including both age-related and anthropogenic factors. The Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) technology, as defined by ITU-T Recommendation M.3010, provides a standardized framework for managing communication networks. This paper demonstrates that integrating artificial intelligence (AI) within the TMN framework enables a shift from reactive network management — repairing faults after they occur — to proactive and autonomous control. The automation of OTDR data analysis aims to reduce or eliminate human intervention, ensure continuous 24/7 operation, and minimize reaction time to network events. The results underline the potential of combining OTDR diagnostics with AI-driven analysis in TMN-managed networks, providing enhanced reliability, efficiency, and accuracy in the assessment of optical line integrity. Such approaches are essential for modern telecommunication networks, where timely detection and resolution of fiber faults directly impact service quality and operational costs.
Copyright (c) 2025 КОСТЯНТИН ГОРЯЩЕНКО, ІГОР КУШНЕР, ОЛЕКСАНДР ГРЕСЬ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INVESTIGATION OF MOLECULAR MOBILITY IN A MODIFIED EPOXY BINDER USING THE DIELECTRIC LOSS TANGENT METHOD
—brought about by incorporating dispersed additives into the polymeric matrix—markedly alters the relaxation patterns of the macromolecule at the interfacial zone. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate the influence of electric spark hydro-impact (ESHI) treatment on the structure formation processes and relaxation behaviour of epoxy-based composites. The experimental results demonstrated that the application of ESHI leads to a noticeable shift of relaxation maximum temperatures toward higher values by approximately 30–40 K, accompanied by variations in the width and intensity of dielectric loss peaks. These changes are indicative of an increased degree of molecular cross-linking, enhanced network density, and the development of more organized surface layers within the polymer matrix. Furthermore, the modification of the oligomer by ESHI promotes the formation of a spatially homogeneous and energetically stable structure, resulting in improved thermo-mechanical stability. The combined effect of ESHI and the incorporation of the DEG-1 plasticiser has been shown to positively influence the segmental mobility of macromolecular chains, facilitating a more flexible yet robust polymer network. This synergy contributes to improved adhesive strength at the filler–matrix interface and greater resistance to thermal degradation. Overall, the obtained data confirm that ESHI treatment represents an efficient pre-processing technique for tailoring the molecular architecture of epoxy composites, providing a promising approach for enhancing their operational reliability and durability in demanding environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 ПЕТРО СТУХЛЯК, ОЛЕГ ТОТОСЬКО, ДАНИЛО СТУХЛЯК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FEATURES OF THE ISO 14040/14044 LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY AND ITS INDUSTRY-BASED ADAPTATION IN LIGHT INDUSTRY
The article examines the methodological foundations of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) according to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 and substantiates their industry-specific adaptation for the light industry, particularly textile, clothing and footwear production. The study highlights the importance of full-cycle environmental evaluation as a key instrument for sustainable product development and strategic environmental management. Special attention is paid to methodological challenges arising from complex supply chains, high material and energy consumption, chemical-intensive processes, and data uncertainty typical for textile manufacturing. The paper systematizes the four classical LCA stages—goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation—and analyses their practical implementation under real production conditions. It emphasizes critical issues such as functional unit selection, system boundary definition, acquisition of primary data, modeling of chemical processes, and the need for geographically specific indicators for water and toxicity assessment. Considerable focus is placed on the role of the use phase, which may contribute up to 96% of the total environmental impact for some textile products. The study proposes a modified LCA structure tailored for the light industry, integrating additional sector-relevant indicators: water scarcity footprint, chemical load, microplastic release, and durability. It also outlines the importance of sensitivity analysis and uncertainty evaluation to ensure methodological transparency and compliance with ISO requirements. The discussion highlights the necessity of harmonizing ISO-based LCA studies with EU Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR) for apparel and footwear to enhance comparability and prevent methodological variability or green washing. The article concludes that adapted LCA methodology can significantly improve sustainable design, resource optimization, eco-modernization and environmental competitiveness of enterprises in the light industry sector.
ecological and technological optimization
Copyright (c) 2025 ТЕТЯНА ІВАНІШЕНА (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHOD OF VARIABLE INDEXING OF THE LEVEL OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND PROTECTION OF PERSONALIZED DATA IN TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern methods of storing personalized digital data and their classification by device types and architectural features. The main approaches to organizing information storage systems are considered, taking into account the requirements for security, reliability, and efficiency of hardware resource use. The architecture and generalized model of a data storage device are proposed, focused on ensuring multi-level access to confidential information. The choice of data representation format and methods for their protection is justified. The modeling confirmed the possibility of solving a number of practically important tasks, in particular, the analysis of information protection requirements according to the main criteria of information security: confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The proposed approach allows for the classification of personal data depending on their level of importance and requirements for timeliness of access, as well as determining the appropriate access levels and storage periods. This, in turn, ensures optimization of the use of system hardware resources and increases the efficiency of personal information accumulation processes. The developed application is of a demonstration nature and serves as confirmation of the operability of the proposed model. Further research should be directed towards developing methods for automated sorting of personal data according to specific criteria, as well as implementing the analyzed approaches using software and hardware reconfigurable resources, which will increase the flexibility and scalability of data storage systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 РОМА РУДИЙ, ОЛЕКСАНДР ГРЕСЬ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ALGORITHMS FOR OPTIMIZATION OF LCR-NETWORK HYPERPARAMETERS
This paper continues the development of methods for solving problems involving ultra-large data sets (Big Data class problems). The problems are solved with respect to two inherently conflicting criteria: accuracy and speed. In previous studies, the long-and-close-range (LCR) principle was introduced for structuring artificial neural networks. According to this principle, the transition matrices between network layers are treated as nearly static objects based on technocratic reasoning: the farther a neuron in the next layer is from a neuron in the previous layer, the less influence it receives from the output of that previous neuron. Rather than optimizing hundreds of thousands or even millions of transition matrix elements, as in conventional feedforward networks, the proposed LCR networks require the optimization of only a few hyperparameters and activation function settings. A key characteristic of LCR networks is the parameterization of the conditional distance between consecutive layers. This work introduces a radial structure for LCR networks and proves that when both the previous and subsequent layers contain an even number of neurons, the metric balance and influence balance conditions are satisfied. The conditional distances are modeled as a function of the number of neurons in the previous layer, N, and can generally follow any monotonically increasing function. In this study, a power-law function is adopted, with the exponent Q serving as the sole hyperparameter of the LCR network in this configuration. Thus, the model optimizes only one scalar parameter instead of tuning numerous matrix coefficients. A comparative analysis involving LCR networks and the classical k-means algorithm demonstrates that the proposed network achieves better performance both in terms of classification accuracy and processing speed after training.
Copyright (c) 2025 МИКОЛА ОДЕГОВ, МАТІН ГАДЖИЄВ, ІГОР ПЕРЕКРЕСТОВ, СЕРГІЙ ЩЕРБА (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
USING WALNUT SHELLS AS AN ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE
The feasibility of using walnut shell as an alternative energy source is substantiated in the context of the growing deficit of conventional energy resources, rising energy prices, and the need to reduce negative environmental impacts. The paper analyzes the current state and prospects of utilizing agricultural residues in the bioenergy sector, with particular emphasis on by-products of walnut processing. The physical, energy, and environmental characteristics of walnut shell are presented, confirming its high calorific value, low ash content, and environmental safety during combustion compared to traditional solid fuels. Special attention is paid to the technological aspects of preparing walnut shell for energy use, including the influence of particle size distribution, moisture content, and the application of binding agents on the physical-mechanical and energy performance of fuel briquettes. The effect of grinding degree on bulk density, briquette strength, combustion stability, and specific energy output is analyzed. Rational moisture ranges that ensure effective densification while minimizing energy losses during drying are identified. The role of natural and auxiliary binders in improving briquette integrity and operational reliability during transportation, storage, and combustion is also considered. Based on experimental and analytical assessments, an optimal fractional composition of raw material and rational briquetting conditions are determined, providing improved energy efficiency, mechanical strength, and stable combustion characteristics of the produced biofuel. The results demonstrate that walnut shell is a promising renewable energy resource capable of partially replacing fossil fuels. The proposed technological solutions can be effectively applied in the agro-industrial and municipal sectors, contributing to sustainable energy development, waste minimization, and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
Copyright (c) 2025 ДМИТРО ПРИСЯЖНЮК, НАТАЛІЯ ГУДЗЕНКО (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SIMULATION MODELING OF THE PULSE WAVE DURING PHYSICAL LOAD AS A MEANS OF VERIFYING SIGNAL PROCESSING METHODS
The article presents a mathematical and simulation model of the human pulse signal during physical load, which can be used to verify digital signal processing methods in biomedical applications. The relevance of the research arises from the need to develop controlled models that reproduce physiologically consistent cardiovascular dynamics without the necessity of complex experimental procedures. The proposed approach integrates parametric modeling of heart rate variability, temporal discretization of observation, and morphological synthesis of pulse waves by convolving discrete cardiac impulses with a vascular response kernel. The model is implemented in the MATLAB environment, enabling numerical experiments, parameter variation, and simulation of different physiological conditions ranging from rest to active workload. Heart rate dynamics are described by a piecewise-smooth function that includes rest, acceleration, steady-load, and recovery phases with continuous transitions corresponding to the real physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac beats are simulated through phase integration of the instantaneous frequency, where each crossing of an integer phase value denotes a new cardiac impulse. The morphology of the pulse wave is modeled as a superposition of forward and reflected components, whose amplitudes, delays, and asymmetry determine the characteristic dual-peaked shape typical of pulse signals. This allows the model to reproduce waveform transformations under varying load conditions. The resulting signal is physiologically plausible, parameter-controlled, and suitable for verifying algorithms of peak detection, filtering, adaptive segmentation, and heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The model demonstrates high reproducibility, stability, and simplicity of implementation. Using simulation modeling as a verification tool reduces dependence on real clinical experiments and provides standardized conditions for testing digital signal processing techniques. The proposed work contributes to the development of bioengineering models of cardiovascular dynamics and to the enhancement of intelligent monitoring systems for human physiological parameters.
Copyright (c) 2025 МИКОЛА ХВОСТІВСЬКИЙ, СЕРГІЙ УНІЯТ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ORGANIC BREAD WITH HEMP BY-PRODUCTS: REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AND QUALITY
Organic products, and accordingly organic production, due to the absence of harmful chemicals and a higher content of nutrients, can positively affect human health, contributing to better well-being and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Organic farming and production of organic products also supports ecology and biodiversity, which contributes to sustainable development. By choosing organic products, consumers contribute to their own health, as well as to the health of the nation and the environment. Food is a source of energy and nutrients for humans. They provide the body with the necessary macro- and microelements that are needed for growth, development, maintenance of vital activity and physical activity. Enrichment of food products, in particular bakery products, with biologically valuable plant raw materials will increase their nutritional value and provide health-improving properties. The work investigated the quality indicators and nutritional value of organic bread made from high-quality wheat flour, the recipe of which includes products from hemp seeds. Hemp products, namely hemp flour and hemp protein, are rich in macro- and microelements that are necessary for the normal functioning of the human body. Studies have shown that adding hemp seed products to bread made from wheat flour improves its nutritional value and increases the daily human need for proteins, essential amino acids, dietary fiber and minerals. Thus, the daily need (its coverage) for proteins increases by 17-18%, for fats - by 3.0-6.2%, for dietary fiber - by 5.0-12.5%. Products with the addition of hemp protein retain freshness better, which is confirmed by the degree of freshness preservation. Bread using hemp products contains more aromatic compounds compared to the control sample.
Copyright (c) 2025 НАТАЛІЯ ФАЛЕНДИШ, МАРІЯ БЛАЖЕНКО, ІННА БОБЕЛЬ, ЮЛІЯ КАМБУЛОВА (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
VALIDATION OF THE NEPHELOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING BLOOD PLASMA COAGULATION AND APPLICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ITS ANALYSIS
Increasing the bioavailability of oral drugs is a key task in pharmaceutical development, especially for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with low solubility. One effective method is to create solid dispersion systems (SDS) that improve the solubility of APIs. An example of such an ingredient is rivaroxaban, a direct oral anticoagulant. However, in order to objectively assess how improved solubility affects pharmacological activity, reliable and validated analytical methods are needed that are capable of quantitatively analysing the key pharmacodynamic effect – the change in blood plasma coagulation kinetics. Therefore, the aim of the study was to validate an in vitro analytical method for studying the kinetics of blood plasma coagulation using a laser nephelometer. The key task was to prove that the method is reliable, accurate and reproducible, which will allow it to be used for a reasonable assessment of the effect of new rivaroxaban dosage forms, in particular TDS, on its anticoagulant activity. The method was validated on a NEPHELOstar laser nephelometer. The validation procedure included verification of key parameters: specificity, robustness, precision and linearity. To process the obtained S-shaped kinetic curves and calculate analytical parameters, in particular the maximum coagulation rate (vmax), a four-parameter mathematical Weibull model was used. The study confirmed the compliance of the method with all validation criteria. Its specificity, high robustness to minor changes in analysis conditions (temperature and measurement time) and precision were proven. A clear relationship was established between the concentration of rivaroxaban (in the range of 5–15 μM) and the maximum rate of coagulation with a high coefficient of determination, confirming its suitability for studying the coagulation process. The validated nephelometric in vitro method is an accurate, reproducible and reliable tool for studying the kinetics of blood plasma coagulation and assessing the effect of anticoagulants, in particular rivaroxaban. The method can be recommended for use in pharmaceutical development for comparative analysis and quality control of innovative dosage forms aimed at increasing the solubility and bioavailability of APIs.
Copyright (c) 2025 ВОЛОДИМИР ФЕДОРЕНКО, АНАСТАСІЯ БЕГДАЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF MOLDEX3D FOR MODELING THE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS OF A SHOE SOLE MADE OF VISCOUS POLYMER AND ANALYSIS OF FILLING PARAMETERS
The paper presents the application of the Moldex3D computer-aided engineering (CAE) software for detailed simulation of the injection molding process of a shoe sole manufactured from a viscous polymer melt. The main objective of the study is to demonstrate how Moldex3D can be used not only as a visualization tool, but as a virtual laboratory that supports engineering decisions at the early stages of mold and process design. The workflow includes CAD model preparation of the shoe sole geometry, import and healing of surfaces, finite element mesh generation with local refinement in thin sections and near the gates, and assignment of rheological, thermal and processing data for the selected polymer grade. Numerical analysis is performed for the filling stage of the molding cycle. The software provides contour plots and vector fields for the spatial distribution of flow velocity, viscosity, frozen-layer ratio, shear rate and individual velocity components in the mold cavity. These results make it possible to identify regions of accelerated and decelerated flow, early solidification near colder mold walls, and areas with excessive shear loading that may lead to material degradation. Special attention is paid to the detection of risk zones for typical injection molding defects, such as short shots, weld lines, air entrapment, local sink marks and non-uniform packing. It is shown that Moldex3D simulations give a physically consistent picture of the filling process and can be effectively used to perform preliminary optimization of injection pressure, melt and mold temperatures, filling time and runner/gate configuration without manufacturing experimental molds. The results confirm the usefulness of CAE-based simulation as an integral part of the design and engineering cycle for polymer shoe soles, helping to reduce development time, material consumption and the number of trial-and-error iterations on real equipment.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕГ ПОЛІЩУК, ОЛЕКСАНДР КУНЦОВ, СВІТЛАНА ПІДГАЙЧУК, МАКСИМ ЗАГУРОВСЬКИЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
INTEGRATED SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATED DESIGN AND MODELING OF PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN CONVECTIVE DRYING CHAMBERS USING SOLIDWORKS
The article presents an integrated system for automated design and modeling of physical processes in convective drying chambers using SolidWorks. The relevance of the study is due to the high complexity and labor intensity of manually creating three-dimensional models of drying chambers and wood stacks, which significantly slows down the engineering design process and complicates further analysis of heat and mass transfer. The proposed system provides end-to-end automation, covering the stages from setting the initial parameters of the wood and the geometry of the stack to building a finished three-dimensional model of the drying chamber and performing calculations in the SolidWorks Simulation environment. The developed software was created in C# using Windows Forms, which made it possible to implement a convenient graphical user interface for entering material parameters, board dimensions, number of rows, and characteristics of the chamber itself. Based on the entered data, SolidWorks macros are automatically generated, which build accurate 3D models of stacks and integrate them into the pre-formed drying chamber environment. This significantly reduces design time and minimizes errors that occur during manual modeling. The chamber model includes an axial fan with water heating, which ensures uniform air flow distribution and stable temperature conditions. The use of SolidWorks Simulation in combination with automatically generated three-dimensional models makes it possible to perform detailed studies of the thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the drying process. This paves the way for a more accurate analysis of the uniformity of stack heating, the identification of critical areas with uneven energy distribution, and the evaluation of the effectiveness of design solutions. Therefore, the proposed system combines design and computer modeling tools, creating a universal basis for improving the accuracy, speed, and reliability of engineering developments in the field of wood drying.
Copyright (c) 2025 ЮРИЙ РУБІНСЬКИЙ, ІГОР КРОШНИЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TECHNOLOGICAL REGULATIONS FOR THE OPERATION OF THE WALNUT PROCESSING LINE
A comprehensive analysis of a technological line for walnut processing is presented, and a technological regulation for its operation is developed with due consideration of the productivity of the main machines and the sequence of technological operations. The specific features of step-by-step raw material processing are disclosed, including reception, primary cleaning, active ventilation, washing, drying, calibration, mechanical cracking, and fractionation of walnut kernels. The influence of operating parameters of drying equipment, settings of cracking machines, and sorting systems on the quality of the final product and the overall energy efficiency of the process is substantiated. It is established that harmonization of machine throughput capacities is a key factor in ensuring continuity, stability, and reliability of the production process, as well as in preventing bottlenecks and excessive product losses at individual stages of processing. The proposed technological scheme makes it possible to minimize losses of whole kernels, increase the degree of product purity, and form high-quality commercial fractions that meet market and regulatory requirements. Particular attention is paid to the interaction between mechanical and thermal processes, which significantly affects kernel integrity, moisture content uniformity, and subsequent sorting accuracy. Promising directions for further modernization of the processing line are identified, including the implementation of digital monitoring and control systems, the use of energy-saving drying technologies, the improvement of cracking machine designs, and the integration of machine vision tools to enhance sorting precision and reduce the influence of the human factor. The obtained results can be effectively used for the optimization of industrial walnut processing lines and for improving their technological, energy, and economic efficiency under modern conditions of agro-industrial production.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕГ ЦУРКАН, АНАТОЛІЙ СПІРІН, ВОЛОДИМИР РУТКЕВИЧ, АНДРІЙ ДІДИК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A CLOSED-LOOP QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR FDM 3D PRINTING
Ensuring consistent quality in FDM printing is challenging due to stochastic thermal behavior, non‑Newtonian melt rheology, and the strong sensitivity of bead geometry to feed and motion parameters. This paper presents a closed‑loop mathematical model for quality control that tightly integrates physics‑based submodels with state estimation, defect detection, and optimal control. The process is formulated as a nonlinear discrete‑time system , comprising: (i) a thermal model of heater block and nozzle (energy balance with conduction, convection, and flow‑induced cooling), (ii) rheology/flow (Hagen–Poiseuille with power‑law viscosity), (iii) layer geometry (mass conservation ), and (iv) latent quality indicators (interlayer adhesion , porosity , in‑plane shift ). The sensing layer covers temperature, inertial, and vision channels with explicit noise models. An EKF/UKF observer fuses model and data; consistency is monitored via NIS/NEES. The detection block combines computer‑vision features with residual statistics to produce a defect probability and a fused confidence . Layer quality is quantified by a cost aggregating deviations in geometry, temperature, and latent indicators. Control is performed by MPC: over a receding horizon it minimizes the predicted quality loss subject to plant dynamics and technological constraints, while lightweight adaptive corrections handle fast deviations (flow/speed trims). A safety supervisor implements event‑based logic (soft corrections or pause/stop) if thresholds are exceeded. We provide a structural diagram, numbered equations, a symbol table, time‑scale separation guidelines, and practical tuning advice for weights, thresholds, and noise covariances. The proposed model acts as a deployable template for firmware/external controllers, improves FDM reliability through timely defect detection and compensation, and forms a rigorous basis for digital twins and subsequent process optimization.
Copyright (c) 2025 ВАДИМ СУХОСТАВСЬКИЙ, МИКОЛА СКИБА, МИХАЙЛО КРАСІЙ, АРТЕМ ТОЛСТЮК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RESEARCH OF DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CAVITATION NOZZLES AND OPERATING MODES OF WATER PREPARATION EQUIPMENT FOR HEATING NETWORKS IN SOLIDWORKS AND PRACTICAL USE
Recently, with the increase in the number of studies on the cavitation effect on liquid media, it has been shown that cavitation jets can be practically applicable in many useful technologies. In addition to the already widely used phenomenon of acceleration of chemical reactions in the preparation of emulsions and suspensions, changing the properties and composition of water, new modern technical solutions for the use of cavitation appear. The paper considers the issue of engineering analysis of technical systems by means of computer modeling, in particular, the study of the design parameters of cavitation nozzles using the SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation engineering analysis system, which allows conducting numerical experiments to determine their characteristics, namely, to determine the cavitation effect on changing the properties and composition of water. The paper presents the capabilities of the SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation software product to solve the scientific and technical problem of determining the cavitation characteristics of the nozzles under study. The design parameters of cavitation nozzles were studied in SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation for flow characteristics according to the cavitation number and the maximum mixing capacity of the liquid flow was analyzed to create intensive conditions for oxidative and hydrogen reactions in real operating modes of water treatment equipment for heating networks and practical confirmation of the operability of the proposed solutions was obtained. From the obtained results of modeling the liquid flow through the nozzles, it was established that the greatest cavitation effect is exerted according to the cavitation number at an inlet pressure of 0.12 MPa. The best effect of liquid mixing at the outlet of the nozzle was obtained in the stepped nozzle at the inlet and outlet. From the point of view of manufacturing technology, the stepped nozzle at the inlet and outlet, which was used in the experimental equipment, is more technologically advanced in terms of manufacturing. Experimental equipment was manufactured with the possibility of using individual blocks, namely a hydrostatic cavitator, a magnetization block, a vibration cavitator and their use in a complex. The practical application of the impact on the composition of tap water was evaluated by changing the indicators: pH, total mineralization (indicator - TDS), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and analysis of the sediment that forms over time after settling (three days). The conducted studies make it possible to design equipment for water treatment for heating networks according to the required productivity of real needs.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕКСАНДР ДУШЕНКО, ВІТАЛІЙ ТКАЧУК, МАКСИМ МАРЧЕНКО (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: CLASSIFICATION OF APPROACHES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR UKRAINE
This article explores modern approaches to the digital transformation of urban transport systems, emphasizing their classification, implementation examples in Ukraine and abroad, and the development of an adaptive model tailored for Ukrainian cities. Against the backdrop of growing urbanization and increased pressure on transport infrastructure, traditional management methods often prove ineffective. In response, many cities are adopting innovative strategies that integrate infrastructure upgrades, organizational reforms, and digital technologies. The article presents a three-part classification of urban mobility approaches: infrastructural solutions (such as lane prioritization and automated traffic control), organizational strategies (including schedule optimization and multimodal integration), and digital tools (such as real-time monitoring and visualization platforms). This framework provides a foundation for systematic comparison and evaluation of various transport policies and interventions. Using case studies from Lviv, Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Dnipro, as well as international examples like Helsinki and Barcelona, the article highlights key factors that determine the success or limitations of these implementations. It outlines a scalable, stepwise model for Ukrainian cities, including a basic level focused on data transparency, a mid-level involving service optimization, and an advanced level enabling predictive analytics and adaptive transport management. Additionally, the article proposes practical criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of implemented systems and emphasizes the importance of collaboration among local governments, IT companies, and research institutions. The study offers an evidence-based roadmap for urban policymakers aiming to modernize transport systems in a sustainable, resource-aware manner.
Copyright (c) 2025 ЄВГЕНІЙ ПОСТРЕЛКО (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DETECTION OF INFORMATION SYSTEM VULNERABILITIES BASED ON IDENTIFICATION AND AUTHENTICATION PROCEDURES
The article investigates a critical aspect of cybersecurity—logical flaws in authentication mechanisms—that may result in severe vulnerabilities within access control systems. The focus is placed on a specific class of errors arising from incorrect formulation of credential verification logic, which can inadvertently allow unauthorized access. To illustrate this issue, the authors propose a formal model that encapsulates a common logical misconfiguration: authentication is granted if either a valid password is provided or the user identifier is missing. Such a condition, though seemingly benign, introduces a dangerous loophole that can be exploited by adversaries to bypass authentication entirely. To rigorously analyze the security implications of this flaw, the model is subjected to formal verification using the ProVerif tool—a widely recognized framework for automated analysis of cryptographic protocols. ProVerif enables the simulation of various attack scenarios and the verification of key security properties such as confidentiality and authentication. The results of the analysis reveal that the flawed logic permits authentication bypass under certain conditions, confirming the presence of a vulnerability that could be exploited in real-world systems. The findings underscore the importance of applying formal methods during the design and validation stages of security protocols. By modeling and verifying authentication logic before deployment, developers can identify and eliminate subtle errors that might otherwise compromise system integrity. The article advocates for the integration of formal verification tools into the development lifecycle of secure systems, emphasizing their role in enhancing resilience against logical attacks and ensuring robust access control.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕГ ПАХОЛЮК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM FOR APPLICANTS BASED ON A REGRESSION MODEL OF SALARY ANALYSIS IN THE IT INDUSTRY
Recommender systems are actively developing in the field of education, helping applicants choose majors based on data analysis. Modern systems use artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data analytics to provide personalized recommendations, allowing applicants to receive advice based on current job market trends and their own preferences. The relevance of developing a recommendation system for applicants is due to the rapid development of the IT industry and constant changes in the labor market. Modern technologies and new specializations are emerging rapidly, and the level of salaries varies significantly depending on the demand for specialists. A recommendation system that analyzes real data on salaries in IT companies will help eliminate this information barrier and promote a more informed choice of curriculum. The object of the study is the process of choosing an educational program by an applicant, which determines his future professional prospects. The subject of the study is the use of regression models and recommendation systems for predicting salaries and selecting optimal IT programs, which will contribute to a more rational choice of educational direction in accordance with the requirements of the labor market. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach lies in the integration of regression salary forecasting with a recommendation system for selecting educational programs. The practical value of the project under development lies in its ability to help applicants, career counselors, and educational institutions make informed decisions about choosing an educational program. The system contributes to increasing the level of employment of graduates and their satisfaction with professional development, ensuring that the education obtained meets the current demands of the labor market.
Copyright (c) 2025 ІГОР ПАСЕМКО, АНДРІЙ ХУДИЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MONITORING SYSTEM OF THE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION COMPLEX OF GROUND MOBILE ROBOTIC PLATFORMS
The article presents an advanced concept of a monitoring system designed for the information and communication complex of ground mobile robotic platforms. The proposed approach is aimed at ensuring stable, secure and high-performance functioning of robotic systems that operate in dynamic, uncertain and technologically challenging environments. Ground mobile robotic platforms rely on a coordinated interaction between sensor modules, communication channels, computing units and executive components, all of which must maintain reliable operation to guarantee autonomous navigation, perception of the surrounding space and correct execution of assigned missions. In practical applications these elements are influenced by mechanical impacts, unpredictable environmental changes, electromagnetic disturbances, cyberattacks and internal failures, which significantly increases the need for an integrated monitoring and diagnostic infrastructure. The monitoring system proposed in the article unifies multi-source telemetry processing, real-time diagnostic procedures, detection of abnormal behaviour, prediction of potential failures and information security mechanisms within a single architectural framework. Special emphasis is placed on identifying critical parameters that describe the operational state of sensor systems, wireless and wired communication channels, on-board computational modules and motion control subsystems. The system incorporates intelligent diagnostic algorithms based on statistical methods, machine learning techniques and models of fuzzy logic. These methods enable early detection of hidden malfunctions, gradual degradation of components and deviations that may lead to mission failure. Furthermore, the monitoring architecture includes information protection mechanisms that ensure resistance to signal substitution, intentional distortion of navigation data, blocking of communication channels, unauthorized access attempts and other forms of external interference. The practical significance of the proposed solution is manifested in its ability to increase the autonomy, survivability and operational stability of ground mobile robotic platforms in complex or high-risk conditions. The monitoring system can be integrated into existing robotic platforms without a need for substantial modifications of their structure. It enables continuous assessment of the technical condition of key components, automatic transition to backup communication or control modes, protection of internal and external information flows and timely notification of the operator about emerging threats or failures.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕГ НІКОНОВ, ВЯЧЕСЛАВ ФІЛІПОВ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FUNCTIONING OF THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY SYSTEM IN UKRAINIAN INDUSTRY
The article analyzes the current state of functioning of the system of labor protection and life safety in the Ukrainian industry. Given the high level of occupational injuries and occupational diseases, the issues of ensuring labor safety are of particular relevance. The author analyzes the regulatory framework in the field of labor protection, organizational mechanisms for implementing state policy, and the activities of enterprises aimed at creating safe working conditions. Particular attention is paid to assessing the effectiveness of the existing occupational safety and health management systems at enterprises in various industries. The author identifies the main problems that impede the effective implementation of safety measures, including: outdated material and technical base, insufficient safety culture among employees, formal approach to occupational safety and health training, and weak control by supervisory authorities. The article emphasizes the importance of preventive measures, staff training, and the use of modern technologies and personal protective equipment. Special attention is paid to the problems of implementing labor safety in martial law. Conclusions are drawn regarding the need for an integrated approach to ensuring safe working conditions and strengthening the safety culture in the industry. The paper also highlights positive examples of the implementation of modern approaches to risk management, automated hazard monitoring systems and innovative technologies to improve safety at work. The author suggests ways to improve the national occupational safety and health system, in particular through modernization of legislation, strengthening of employers' liability, introduction of digital tools for recording violations and creation of a single information space on occupational safety and health. The results of the study can be used in the formation of strategic decisions of the state policy, in the development of programs for the professional development of occupational safety specialists, as well as in the practical activities of enterprises to improve working conditions and reduce the risk of occupational injuries.
Copyright (c) 2025 АНАТОЛІЙ НЕСТЕР, ТЕТЯНА ЯКОВИШИНА, ЛЮМИЛА МІТЮК, РОМАН ЧОЛОВСЬКИЙ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
“LLM4IMPACT: ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF IT SOLUTIONS ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS”
The study presents LLM4Impact, an innovative hybrid methodology for analyzing the business impact of IT solutions by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into traditional business analytics frameworks. Modern analytical tools such as BI dashboards or KPI-based monitoring systems provide quantitative insights into business performance but often overlook semantic dimensions — the underlying intent, sentiment, and contextual meaning contained in textual data. The proposed approach addresses this gap by combining financial indicators (ROI, NPV, KPI) with linguistic analysis of unstructured business data, including customer feedback, project documentation, and system requirements. Using the reasoning and semantic understanding capabilities of LLMs (such as GPT-5), the method evaluates both the measurable and qualitative effects of IT-driven digital transformation initiatives. A core contribution of the research is the introduction of the Business Impact Index (BII) — a composite metric that integrates quantitative efficiency indicators with qualitative sentiment and user experience scores. This index enables organizations to assess IT solutions not only in terms of financial returns but also in their influence on customer satisfaction, process transparency, and innovation potential. The experimental evaluation, conducted on a mid-size company implementing a CRM system, revealed that the LLM4Impact model improved decision-making efficiency by 35%, increased sentiment-based satisfaction metrics by 28%, and raised the overall business impact score by 19%. The results demonstrate that integrating LLMs into business analytics can significantly enhance the depth, interpretability, and contextual validity of management insights. Beyond automation, LLM4Impact contributes to the evolution of intelligent decision support systems, capable of connecting numerical data with human-centric understanding. This hybrid paradigm paves the way for more adaptive, transparent, and cognitively enriched business analytics ecosystems.
Copyright (c) 2025 ВОЛОДИМИР МАКОВИШИН (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEPENDENCE OF TENSIONS ARISING IN THE STEM OF THE KNITTING NEEDLE WHEN THE NEEDLE HITS THE WEDGE ON THE INFLEXIBILITY OF THE NEEDLE-WEDGE PAIR
The efficiency of knitting machines, in particular their productivity and fabric quality, largely depends on the durability of the needles, which, in turn, depends on the dynamic loads that arise in the zone of impact interaction of the needles with the wedges of knitting systems. Previous studies have shown that when a knitting needle hits a wedge, shock waves of stress appear in its shaft, which is one of the main causes of needle failure (destruction of the needle hook, etc.). In this case, when solving the problem of determining the magnitude of the stresses arising in the needle rod, the case of a hard impact of the needle (rod) on the wedge is considered. In reality, when the needle hits the wedge, an elastic impact occurs, due to the rigidity of the needle-wedge pair. Studies show that an effective way to reduce the dynamic loads acting on the needle during knitting machine operation is to reduce the inflexibility of the needle-wedge pair. However, the issue of the influence of the inflexibility of the needle-wedge pair on the dynamics of tensions arising in the needle stem has not been practically studied, which creates certain problems in the design of knitting machines. The object of research is the knitting machine needle and the process of its interaction with the wedges of knitting systems. When solving the problems set in this work, modern methods of theoretical research were used, based on the theory of shock wave propagation in flat stem elements during longitudinal impact. The research objective is to investigate the influence of the inflexibility of the needle-wedge pair of a knitting machine on the tensions that arise when the needle hits the wedge, and to develop a method for the influence of the inflexibility of the needle-wedge pair on the impact tensions in the needle stem during its interaction with the wedge during the knitting process. Analysis of the obtained dependencies allows us to conclude that the inflexibility of the needle-wedge pair affects the magnitude of the tensions in the needle stem caused by the shock wave. At the same time, a decrease in inflexibility contributes to a decrease in the magnitude of the tensions in the needle stem. As is known, the needle has a complex geometric shape. Therefore, when the needle hits the wedge, a complex stress field arises in its body, which depends on the geometric shape of the needle. The obtained equations are only some approximation of the description of the process of changing the tensions in the needle body when it hits the wedge.
Copyright (c) 2025 СЕРГІЙ ПЛЕШКО (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INFORMATION-STRUCTURAL MODEL OF THE DESIGN PROCESSES OF ADAPTIVE CLOTHING FOR PEOPLE WITH EXTREMITY INJURIES
The analysis of scientific literature has demonstrated that there is a lack of research focused on the design of adaptive clothing for individuals with limb injuries, fractures, or amputations. To address this gap, interviews were conducted with hospital patients suffering from arm and leg injuries. These interviews made it possible to identify and systematize consumer needs, which were subsequently considered during the stage of pre-design research. Based on the results of the consumer survey, a structured model of consumer requirements for adaptive clothing for people with limb injuries was developed. It was established that at different stages of treatment and rehabilitation, consumers have varying requirements for adaptive clothing. Consequently, three subgroups of adaptive garments were identified: hospital clothing, rehabilitation clothing, and post-rehabilitation clothing. Hospital and rehabilitation clothing are closely connected with the medical field and serve a similar purpose—providing patient care, which includes measures aimed at supporting and restoring physical strength, creating comfortable conditions for recovery, and preventing or treating complications. Post-rehabilitation clothing is intended for individuals who have completed treatment and rehabilitation in hospital settings and are in the process of adapting to their daily routines. By applying modeling methods, functional-logical models of design situations in the development of adaptive clothing were constructed. A specific design situation was determined to ensure the efficiency of the design process, and a capsule collection of men’s waist-length adaptive clothing for individuals with leg injuries and amputations was proposed. This capsule includes three items: hospital briefs, rehabilitation shorts, and post-rehabilitation trousers. Rational design and technological solutions for adaptive clothing were proposed, which involve the use of ergonomically positioned Velcro fasteners in hospital and rehabilitation garments. For the post-rehabilitation period, stylish everyday adaptive trousers in a sporty style with side zipper fasteners were developed. The proposed capsule collection of adaptive clothing contributes to facilitating adaptation to new living conditions, thereby promoting social integration and inclusion of individuals with leg injuries.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕНА ЛУЩЕВСЬКА, ЛЮДМИЛА БУХАНЦОВА, ЛАРИСА КРАСНЮК, ДМИТРО КОВАЛЬЧУК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ALGORITHMIC APPROACHES TO SOLVING STOCHASTIC-PARAMETRIC TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS WITH AN OPTIMIZATION COMPONENT
The article examines stochastic-parametric formulations of the transportation problem as a special class of linear programming problems, in particular cases with a parameter in the objective function and in the constraints, as well as stochastic modifications with an integer constraints. This formulation is driven by the necessity to account for uncertainties of various origins in optimization problems, arising from both random phenomena and deterministic factors characterized by specific control parameters. Approaches to post-optimality analysis and assessment of solution stability are proposed and described. A generalized algorithm for constructing optimal plans based on the sequential narrowing of the selected parameter range using Gomory cuts and the dual simplex method is presented. The relationship between parametric and stochastic transportation models is explored, and practical aspects of their application are outlined. This paper is devoted to constructing the feasible set of solutions when problem parameters have a probabilistic nature and affect the stability of the basis. It is shown that combining stochastic and parametric approaches allows not only improving the reliability of the results but also formalizing the procedure for determining the boundaries of optimality intervals. In the case where the investigated segment of the parameter lies entirely within the working range, it can be considered that the complete set of optimal solutions has been described. The proposed approach provides the ability to localize regions where the optimal plan preserves its structure as the parameter varies and enables smooth transition between adjacent plans via the dual simplex method. The obtained results have applied significance for the optimization of transportation and production-logistics systems under uncertainty. The proposed algorithmic framework allows sensitivity analysis, prediction of optimal plan variations with changing parameters, and the creation of adaptive decision-support models for complex optimization systems.
Copyright (c) 2025 ОЛЕКСАНДР ЛУКАНЬ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING THE RADIAL DIMENSION OF THE HONING FOR MACHINING SMALL DIAMETERS
Improvements in the functional parameters of machines, mechanisms, and technological equipment that are widely used in contemporary mechanical engineering are to a significant extent determined by the optimisation of finishing operations applied to precision parts. These operations critically influence the operational reliability and durability of mechanical systems. In particular, one of the decisive factors for enhancing the efficiency of hydraulic machines and the fuel systems of internal combustion engines is the high manufacturing quality of control equipment components. Among the key indicators of such quality are the parameters of surface roughness and the degree of macro-irregularities of working surfaces, as they have a direct impact on hydrodynamic characteristics, wear resistance, sealing performance of mating connections, and ultimately on the energy efficiency of fluid systems. Achieving the required precision and surface integrity during the final stages of hole machining is ensured through the honing process. Honing distinguishes itself by its unique capability to combine high dimensional accuracy with the ability to compensate for and correct geometric deviations of the workpiece surface. Its technological flexibility arises from the capacity to adapt machining modes dynamically to the actual shape errors of the hole, which enables the minimisation of residual defects without a significant increase in operational complexity or labour intensity. As a result, honing remains one of the most effective finishing methods for critical cylindrical surfaces in hydraulic and fuel control equipment. The article presents an in-depth scientific and technical analysis of a hydrostatic honing tool intended for high-precision machining of small-diameter holes. Special emphasis is placed on the distinctive features of its structural design, which ensure uniform pressure distribution in the contact zone between the tool and the workpiece, leading to enhanced stability of the cutting process and improved repeatability of machining results. A mathematical model describing the static equilibrium of the hydrostatic honing tool has been developed and validated using numerical simulation methods. This model makes it possible to assess the influence of design parameters and technological modes on the pressure field and on the behaviour of the cutting elements during operation. Particular attention is devoted to systematising the principal advantages of hydrostatic honing tools compared to conventional designs. These include increased stability of the machining process due to the absence of mechanical deformation elements, reduced tool wear owing to optimised load distribution, and enhanced surface quality of the finished parts. At the same time, the research identifies specific design and technological constraints, such as limitations in minimum hole diameter, sensitivity to fluid cleanliness, and the need for precise control of hydrostatic pressure. The obtained results provide a theoretical and practical basis for improving the efficiency of honing operations in precision engineering, particularly for components of hydraulic and fuel control systems that require exceptional accuracy and surface integrity.
Copyright (c) 2025 КИРИЛ ЩЕРБИНА, ДАНИЛО ТОРЧІЛОВ, АНДРІЙ ЗАЇКА, ДМИТРО МАНДЗЮК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
METHOD FOR INTERPRETING FAKE NEWS DETECTION RESULTS USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODEL
The proliferation of sophisticated disinformation campaigns necessitates not only accurate detection but also a clear, justifiable understanding of how and why a model reaches its conclusions. To this end, we propose a method founded on a transparent and reproducible approach that uniquely integrates local explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) with global feature analysis, all operating within an interactive human-in-the-loop (HITL) cycle. At the local level, our method employs powerful attribution techniques—namely, Integrated Gradients and SHAP—to provide fine-grained, instance-level explanations. These tools deconstruct a model's prediction for any given news article, highlighting the specific words, phrases, and semantic patterns that most heavily influenced its classification as either authentic or fake. Complementing this granular analysis, we utilize global feature projection methods, such as t-SNE and UMAP, to visualize the entire data space in lower dimensions. This offers a macro-level perspective, revealing the distinct clusters formed by fake and real news, identifying outliers, and illuminating the model's overall decision boundaries. The synergy between these local and global views, governed by the HITL cycle, empowers analysts to iteratively refine the model, correct misclassifications, and build robust, trustworthy systems. To validate the performance of our method, we implemented and rigorously tested a DistilBERT model across several diverse data corpora. The model's performance was quantitatively assessed using a suite of standard metrics, including Accuracy (ACC), Precision/Recall/F1-score, and AUROC, while its classification behavior was qualitatively analyzed through confusion matrices and ROC curves. The results obtained demonstrate a high degree of consistency with established benchmarks and findings from open publications in the 2020–2025 period, thereby confirming the reliability, validity, and reproducibility of our proposed interpretive approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 СТЕФАНІЯ ВОВК, ПАВЛО РАДЮК, ТЕТЯНА СКРИПНИК (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
APPLICATION OF MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS METHODS FOR MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING SUPPORT UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Managerial decision-making is complicated by uncertainty and subjective judgments, making single-criterion methods insufficient. This paper proposes a methodical approach for decision-making under uncertainty, using a hybrid application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Fuzzy TOPSIS method. AHP is used to structure the problem and determine criteria weights through expert pairwise comparisons. From these comparisons, a priority vector (the criteria weights) is calculated. The model ensures reliability by verifying the logical consistency (CR) of judgments before they are used. Fuzzy TOPSIS is then used for the final ranking. Experts use a linguistic scale (e.g., "Medium," "High") to evaluate alternatives, which are converted into Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) to model imprecision. These are aggregated, normalized, and combined with the AHP weights. The method defines Fuzzy Positive-Ideal (FPIS) and Negative-Ideal (FNIS) solutions, and alternatives are ranked by a Closeness Coefficient ( ) measuring relative proximity to the ideal. The alternative with the highest is deemed the optimal choice. The approach was tested on a case study of selecting an optimal supplier (3 alternatives, 4 criteria). The AHP results identified "Quality" as the most important criterion. The final Fuzzy TOPSIS ranking identified "Supplier Alpha" (A1) as the best alternative ( = 0.696). Notably, "Supplier Beta" (A2), which had the best price, ranked last due to low scores on high-weight criteria like quality and reliability, demonstrating the model's effectiveness. The developed approach can be used by managers to enhance the validity and quality of strategic decisions. Future research directions include the development of software to automate these calculations and the integration of this approach with risk analysis and forecasting methods.
Copyright (c) 2025 ВІКТОРІЯ САЧУК, КАТЕРИНА ВАВРИНЮК, РУСЛАН ХИЦЬ (Автор) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0